In 2014, the People’s Republic of China’s (PRC’s) central government formally declared the construction of a Social Credit System (SCS) a national task. Meanwhile, government-designated localities and companies are experimenting with scoring systems for businesses, […]
It is difficult to determine exactly when the concept of country risk was forged. The expression was used as far back as 1967 by Frederick Dahl – then assistant director of the Division of Examinations […]
“If you want to purchase electricity and gas cheaply, you have to compare prices and, if necessary, change providers. Energy suppliers obviously want to change that with Schufa and a credit agency.” An article about […]
Real estate remains the most popular form of investment among Germans. In times of volatile stock markets, a real estate investment is still seen by many private investors as a secure return opportunity. However, not […]
Advertising with ratings on social media platforms that are given in return for participating in a competition is unfair. It can be assumed that a lottery will generate a considerable number of ratings. The Higher […]
In an effort to increase trustworthiness across society, the Chinese government has been building its Social Credit System since 2014. This system targets all natural and legal persons in China and consists of four major […]
A small publicly listed company is a company whose shares are bought and sold on a particular stock market even though turnover or total assets are small in comparison to other listed companies. Every big […]
The question of the extent to which the creditworthiness of the borrower has an impact on the take out of a residual debt insurance is repeatedly the subject of discussions, i.e. whether consumers with lower […]
The corona pandemic is far from over. This is especially true if you do not look at it from a purely medical point of view, but also from the perspective of the social and economic […]
Within the scope of the Banking Act, the notification of intent to appoint a management board member must include the material facts for an assessment of whether sufficient time is available for the performance of […]
Depending on their nationality and place of residence, management board members must submit the original copy of a “certificate of good conduct for presentation to a German authority (certificate of good conduct for official purposes)” […]
The German Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (Bundesanstalt für Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht – BaFin) provides some insights into what kind of data is used to establish a bank management board member’s reputation rating in its Guidance Notice on […]
The Federal Financial Supervisory Authority of Germany (Bundesanstalt für Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht – BaFin) provided a Guidance Notice on management board members pursuant to the German Banking Act (Kreditwesengesetz – KWG), the German Payment Services Supervision Act […]
Under the umbrella of the Auditing Association of German Banks, GBB-Rating Gesellschaft für Bonitätsbeurteil mbH (hereinafter referred to as “GBB-Rating”) provides long-term credit ratings of leasing companies. GBB-Rating has published criteria for the rating of leasing companies in German […]
Leasing companies have been analyzed by leading US credit rating agencies for decades. In addition to these rating agencies, there are other rating approaches for leasing companies. Three of these are briefly presented here. The […]
In the book “Social Credit Rating” you can read a lot about the nature and content of the social credit system, learn about governance, law and sustainability, as well as methods, models and functions. But […]
Country Risk: The Bane of Foreign Investors (by Norbert Gaillard, Springer, July 2020) is an original and innovative research work. Chapter 1 introduces the key concepts. Chapter 2 establishes that impediments to international business preceded […]
There is a simple definition of the word “rater”: “one that rates”. A rater is specifically a person who estimates or determines a rating. Not every rater is a rating agency. In a number of […]
The credit rating industry in China has a history of more than 30 years. According to the “Interim Measures for the Administration of the Credit Rating Industry”, which came came into force on December 26, […]
What happens when you start a new rating agency and become a founder? The 4 Ps are used here to identify some key factors for a new rating agency, including what investors and issuers want […]
The Recognized Credit Rating Agencies listed by the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) have been registered or certified in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1060/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of […]
There are almost 200 countries in the world. Many countries do not have specific regulations on rating activities, but most industrialized countries do have laws on Credit Rating Agencies (CRAs). Credit Rating Agencies are required […]
How does rating repair work in practice? The following is an example. A full rating repair needs even more than shown here, but this real example of a real company gives a first impression of […]
ACRA Analytical Credit Rating Agency The Russian Government set a minimum credit rating for banks that service federal budget funds (the document is published on the official website of the Russian Federation Ministry of Finance […]
In Ukraine, a person acquires the right to define ratings from the date of the issuance of the Certificate on Inclusion into The State Register of Authorized Rating Agencies.
Here is a list of Credit Rating Agencies registered by the Banco Central de Uruguay:
The European Commission’s decision to repeal the equivalence status for Singapore Credit Rating Agencies does not impact the operations of Credit Rating Agencies in Singapore. As confirmed by the European Commission, Credit Rating Agencies in […]
The following rating agencies shall be Credit Rating Agencies approved by the Office of the Securities and Exchange Commission of Thailand to issue credit rating for instruments or businesses related to issuance and offer for […]
Comisión Nacional Bancaria y de Valores (CNBV) main function is to inform the market about the real risks that the investing public faces in financial intermediation. Regulation is essential for greater transparency in its actions […]
Under the Working Committee on Financial Services Liberalisation, the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) completed the Eighth Package of Financial Services Commitments (Eighth Package), which was signed by the Association of South-East Asian Nations […]
The Superintendency of Companies, Securities and Insurance of Ecuador, Superintendencia de Compañías, Valores y Seguros (SC), listed on August 6, 2020 the following Credit Rating Agencies:
The Superintendencia General de Valores (SUGEVAL) is the supervisor of Calificadoras de Riesgo, Credit Rating Agencies in Costa Rica. Here is a complete list of Credit Rating Agencies enrolled in Costa Rica as of August […]
Here are all recognized Credit Rating Agencies with name, address, district, city, state, postal addressing code, direct distance dialing, phone, fax, names of the risk rating director and internal controls director, registration date, Brazil national […]
An issuer is a legal entity that issues financial instruments. Depending on the jurisdiction the issuer is domiciled in, the work of an issuer includes to develop, register and sell securities for the purpose of […]
A credit ratings of a Recognized Credit Rating Agency is usually the result of an issuer requested credit ratings process. In the following, you get a quick overview on how the process looks like at […]
The Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) published an information sheet (INFO 143) for credit rating agencies providing services in Australia. It gives guidance on the meaning of certain conditions that apply to these credit […]
This article is about the credit reporting agency Creditsafe, the performance of the company and a concrete example of what a credit report from Creditsafe looks like in practice. Details of the offer are examined […]
The Credit Rating Agencies listed below have been registered in accordance with Section 5(1) of the Credit Rating Services Act, 24 of 2012 in South Africa. The list is published by the Financial Sector Conduct […]
The Canadian Securities Administrators identified Designated Rating Organizations, and imposed requirements on credit rating organizations wishing to have their credit ratings eligible for use in securities legislation. The rule of the Canadian securities regulators establishes […]
Credit Rating Agencies are those entities that are dedicated to making risk ratings. In Argentina, entities must be registered with the Comisión Nacional de Valores in order to carry out the activity and they can […]
The following Credit Rating Agencies are registered by the Bangladesh Securities and Exchange Commission:
An application for permission to form a credit rating company by persons meeting the eligibility criteria accorind to the Credit Rating Company Regulations shall be made to the Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan along […]
A credit rating agency whose application for grant of a certificate of permanent registration has been refused by the Securities and Exchange Board of India shall cease to undertake any credit rating activity. Here is […]
Bond purchases, like all investments, come with a certain amount of implied risk. The primary hazards of bond investing are the potential for non-payment and capital loss, caused by a decline in the instruments’ market […]
The Securities & Exchange Organization of Iran publishes lists of certified financial institutions in the Islamic Republic of Iran. On July 28, 2020, these Credit Rating Agencies were on the list:
The Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority FINMA supervises financial institutions making use of the services of Credit Rating Agencies, e.g. for the capital-adequacy calculations carried out by banks. Supervised institutions can use ratings to meet […]
The purpose of supervising Credit Rating Agencies in Japan is, in view of specific problems in their governance, to ensure the appropriate business operations of Credit Rating Agencies in Japan, and to bring about the […]
As in many other countries, the work of Credit Rating Agencies has been regulated in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, since ratings are referenced in various ways in the financial system. It is therefore necessary […]
The Office of Credit Ratings (OCR) assists the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (US SEC) in executing its responsibility for protecting investors, promoting capital formation, and maintaining fair, orderly, and efficient markets through the oversight […]
In the period leading up to the financial crisis in 2008, 2010 and so on, the European Commission considered to strengthen the regulatory and supervisory framework for Credit Rating Agencies (CRAs) in the European Union (EU), […]
Every rating has to start with the unequivocal identification of people. It is not just about the identity of debtors and their civil address registration, but also that of managers in companies such as board […]
Credit ratings play an important role for airports and their operators, since in most cases the capital requirements for airports can only be met when bonds are issued. Ratings are used to assess airport liabilities […]
Innovation rating and patent rating have different tasks, but are interrelated. An innovation rating is used to assess a company’s ability to compete with other (innovative) companies through innovation. The patent rating, on the other […]
The basic idea was already known to the Romans: the word “innovation” is developed from the Latin verb innovare (renew). As a noun, it means “newness” or “renewal”. The term is used in everyday language […]
Stock instruments issued or to be issued and / or traded on certain stock markets may be the subject of ratings. Stock ratings reflect the risks associated with the creditworthiness of the issuer and the […]
Is a musical work a rateable asset? Or is just a metal like gold a rateable asset? RATING EVIDENCE and RATING©REPAIR relate to the evidence and to the repair of ratings for specific assets or […]
Under strict Anti-Money Laundering (AML) regulations put in place by national governments, the European Union (EU), the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), and the United Nations (UN), all financial institutions and many types of companies […]
Credit risk is a function of an issuer’s probability of default and the loss given default on a specific debt instrument. For noninvestment grade corporate issuers, some rating agencies assign separate ratings for these two […]
Oliver Everling and Monika Müller (publisher): Risk profiling with investors: aptly analyze customer profiles and use them in consulting, Bank Verlag, http://www.bank-verlag-shop.de/, Cologne, 2nd, revised and expanded edition, 507 pages, Cologne 2018, ISBN 978-3-86556-506-8. Consultants […]
Oliver Everling, Jens Leker and Stefan Bielmeier (editors): Credit Analyst, De Gruyter Oldenburg, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin / Boston, http://www.degruyter.com/, updated and completely revised edition, 3rd edition 2015, 390 pages, ISBN 978-3-11-035379-2. The escalation […]
Oliver Everling, Klaus Holschuh and Jens Leker (Editor): Credit Analyst, Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, Munich, http://www.oldenbourg.de, hardcover, 1st edition 2009, 386 pages, ISBN 978-3-486-58688- 6. The requirements of Basel II set completely new conditions for the lending […]
Oliver Everling (Editor): Certified Rating Analyst, Oldenbourg Science Publishing, Munich, http://www.oldenbourg.de, hardcover, 1st edition 2008, 562 pages, ISBN 978-3-486-58287-9. Oliver Everling[…]
Oliver Everling: Credit Rating by International Agencies, Dr. Th. Gabler, Wiesbaden 1991, http://www.gabler-verlag.de, bound issue, 349 pages, ISBN 3-409-14205-3. This book is the first book in German language on the topic of credit rating by […]
Oliver Everling and Robert Lempka (editors): Next Generation Financial Services: Megatrend Digitization – Strategies and Business Models, Frankfurt am Main 2016, Frankfurt School Verlag, 436 pages, ISBN (print) 978-3-95647-043-1. The Internet and the digital revolution […]
Oliver Everling (publisher): Municipal rating: Securing financing of cities and communities, 2nd edition Cologne 2015, Bank-Verlag, http://www.bank-verlag.de/, 414 pages, Art. 22.489-1500, ISBN 978-3-86556-445-0. The number of municipalities under emergency budget law raises the question of […]
Oliver Everling (Editor): Cleantech Rating: Investment and Financing of Cleantech – Companies and Projects, Kindle Edition (Amazon Media EU S.à rl), RATING EVIDENCE GmbH, 1st Edition Frankfurt am Main 2015, 268 pages, ASIN: B00QFNHAQ8. “Cleantech” […]
Oliver Everling and Jürgen Lampe (Publisher): Rating of asset management, Frankfurt School Verlag GmbH, 1st edition Frankfurt am Main 2014, 392 pages, ISBN 978-3-95647-003-5. For the first time, this book provides an overview of practice-related […]
Oliver Everling and Rainer Langen (publisher): Basel III: Effects of the New Banking Supervision Law on the Mittelstand, Bank-Verlag GmbH, 1st Edition Cologne 2013, 199 pages, Art. 22486-1300, ISBN 978-3-86556-354-5. The book is aimed in […]
Oliver Everling and Robert Lempka (Publisher): Next Generation Financial Services: The New Digital Power of Customers, 1st Edition Frankfurt am Main 2013, Frankfurt School Verlag, 462 pages, ISBN 978-3-940913-62-3. The Internet and the digital revolution […]
Oliver Everling and Michael Munsch (publisher): Municipal rating: securing financing of cities and communities, 1st edition Cologne 2013, Bank-Verlag, http://www.bank-verlag.de/, 383 pages, Art. 22.489-1300, ISBN 978-3-86556-285-2. Whether in municipalities of “strengthening pact” or countries of […]
Oliver Everling, Peter Schaub and Rolf Stephan (publisher): Transparency Rating: Paths to Efficient Analysis and Valuation of Corporate Accounting (German Edition), Gabler Verlag – Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, http://www.gabler.de/, 242 pages , Wiesbaden 2012, ISBN […]
Thomas Adolph, Oliver Everling and Marco Metzler (Editor): Rating health insurance: performance ratings and management as key factors, Springer Gabler Verlag, Wiesbaden, http://www.springer-gabler.de/, 3rd edition, 416 pages, Wiesbaden 2017 , ISBN 978-3-8349-4752-9. Statutory health insurance […]
Oliver Everling, Jens Leker and Stefan Bielmeier (Publisher): Credit Analyst, Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, Munich, http://www.oldenburg-verlag.de/, bound edition, 2nd edition 2012, 402 pages, ISBN 978-3-486 -71314-5. The escalation of the financial crisis has brought changes in hardly […]
Frank Armbruster, Oliver Everling and Rainer Langen (publisher): Financial Communication: Opportunities through Credit Mediation, Bank-Verlag Medien GmbH, http://www.bank-verlag-medien.de/, Cologne 2011, Art. 22,474-1100, ISBN 978-3-86556-262-3. At the end of 2009, the Federal Government of Germany decided […]
Oliver Everling and Götz Kirchhoff (publisher): Exchange Traded Fund Rating: Market Overview, Criteria and Practical Application, Bank-Verlag Medien GmbH,[…]
Volker Braunberger, Oliver Everling and Uwe Rieken (publisher): Rating of Custodians and Master-KAG: Investor Protection and Efficiency Enhancement for Institutional Investors, Gabler Verlag – Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, http://www.gabler.de, Wiesbaden 2011, 316 pages , ISBN […]
Grit S. Becker and Oliver Everling (Editor): Rating Accounts Receivable: Correctly assess the creditworthiness of business partners, Gabler publishing house – Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, http://www.gabler.de/, 1st edition, Wiesbaden 2010, 233 pages, ISBN 978 -3-8349-2070-6. […]
Oliver Everling, Yan Yin and Yusi Ding (Associate Chief Editor, http://www.cnis.gov.cn/): Domestic and Foreign Credit Theory Studies and Standardization Practices, Technical Book Series on Standardization of Social Credit in China, Chen, Yuzhong, und Qian, Yumin (Chief […]
Oliver Everling and Monika Müller (publisher): Risk profiling of investors: aptly analyze customer profiles and use them in consulting, Bank-Verlag Medien GmbH, Cologne,[…]
Oliver Everling and Raphael Slowik (Editor): Practical Guide to Ratings of Real Estate Portfolios, Immobilien Manager Verlag, Cologne, http://www.immobilienmanager.de/, bound edition, 1st edition 2009, 456 pages, ISBN 978-3-89984-197-8. The book is in the German-speaking world […]
